Tuesday, January 27, 2009

26 January 2009

Observing LocationJefferson Market Library & vicinity, 6 Ave (formerly Avenue of the Americas, formerly 6 Ave) @ W 10 St, New York, NY
Lat.: 40.7343360518848°
Long.: -73.9990943670273°
Observational Period1715-1730 EDT & 1945-2000 EDT
Atmospheric Conditions
Session1715 EDT1945 EDT
Cloud CoverScattered Clouds Scattered Clouds
Temperature29 28
WindCalm Light Breeze
HumidityModerateModerate
Barometric Pressure30.39" Hg
Rising
30.40" Hg
Rising
Feels LikeBrisk Cold

There were light clouds building from the SW at sunset. After it got dark I sensed more clouds although there was no moonlight to illuminate them. Stars would dim and brighten again indicating that clouds were moving in front of them.

TransparencyExcellent Good
SeeingI III
InstrumentsNaked-eye - Charlie
Observing PartyCharlie Ridgway

TargetVenus
Constellation
CategoryPlanet
Time
yyyymmdd.hhmm
20090126.1715 EDT & 20090126.1945 EDT
Comments
Object
Class
Classical Planet
Phase 
Elongation°
% Illuminated%
Distance
Light Time
(from Earth)
AU
ms
Distance
(from Sun)
AU
Angular Size"
Magnitude 
Altitude°

Meridian graphic
Venus was very high and very bright. It was easily visible in the early twilight sky. There was nothing else visible in the sky at the time. Later it was only 15-20° up and appeared to be much fainter even though the sky was fully dark by then.

TargetGemini
ConstellationGem
CategoryConstellation
Time
yyyymmdd.hhmm
20090126.1945 EDT
CommentsWhen I got onto a less well lit street I was able to see two bright stars in the distinctive pattern indicating Casstor, α Gem (1.58m), and Pollux, β Gem (1.14m). Farther off to the right was fainter Alioth, γ Gem (1.93m).

TargetOrion
ConstellationOri
CategoryConstellation
Time
yyyymmdd.hhmm
20090126.1945 EDT
CommentsI saw the Belt of Orion – Alnitak, ζ Ori (1.77m); Alnilam, ε Ori (1.70m); Mintaka, δ Ori (2.23m) - and then the surrounding bright corner stars of the constellation – Betelgeuse, α Ori (0.12m); Bellatrix, γ Ori (var 0.2 – 0.8m); Rigel, β Ori (0.12m). I did not detect the sword at all. The stars of lower Orion fluctuated in magnitude with the passing clouds.

TargetCanis Major
ConstellationCMa
CategoryConstellation
Time
yyyymmdd.hhmm
20090126.1945 EDT
CommentsSirius, α CMa (-1.46m) was very bright even though it was low enough that it should have been in clouds.

TargetTaurus
ConstellationTau
CategoryConstellation
Time
yyyymmdd.hhmm
20090126.1945 EDT
CommentsI saw one bright star preceeding Orion that must have been Aldeberan, α Tau (0.85m). I looked around for the Pleiades but didn’t find them.

Sunday, January 11, 2009

11 January 2009

I found a new book at the library in the fiction section called Icarus at the Edge of Time by Brian Greene (ISBN 978-0-307-26888-4) that is very loosely based on the greek legend of Icarus. In this remake Icarus is on a spaceship that is approaching a black hole and disobeys his father's warning not to go near it and when he returns he is 10,000 years in the future. The book is more about presentation than story or science. It is a large format book printed on heavy cardboard with HST nebula pictures spanning facing pages. Most of the pictures are meaningless however as a black disk in the center of the image increases and decreases in size as icarus approaches and leaves the black hole and obscures most of the important parts of the images.

Thursday, January 1, 2009

1 January 2009

2009 is the International Year of Astronomy
More information is available at the International Year of Astronomy web site.


Sister Years

Last night, between eleven and twelve o'clock, when the Old Year was leaving her final foot-prints on the borders of Time's empire, she found herself in possession of a few spare moments, and sat down--of all places in the world--on the steps of our new City Hall. The wintry moonlight showed that she looked weary of body, and sad of heart, like many another wayfarer of earth. Her garments having been exposed to much foul weather and rough usage, were in very ill condition; and as the hurry of her journey had never before allowed her to take an instant's rest, her shoes were so worn as to be scarcely worth the mending. But, after trudging only a little distance further, this poor Old Year was destined to enjoy a long, long sleep. I forgot to mention, that when she seated herself on the steps, she deposited by her side a very capacious band-box, in which, as is the custom among travellers of her sex, she carried a great deal of valuable property. Besides this luggage, there was a folio book under her arm, very much resembling the annual volume of a newspaper. Placing this volume across her knees, and resting her elbows upon it, with her forehead in her hands, the weary, bedraggled, world-worn Old Year heaved a heavy sigh, and appeared to be taking no very pleasant retrospect of her past existence.

While she thus awaited the midnight knell, that was to summon her to the innumerable sisterhood of departed Years, there came a young maiden treading lightsomely on tip-toe along the street, from the direction of the Railroad Depot. She was evidently a stranger, and perhaps had come to town by the evening train of cars. There was a smiling cheerfulness in this fair maiden's face, which bespoke her fully confident of a kind reception from the multitude of people, with whom she was soon to form acquaintance. Her dress was rather too airy for the season, and was bedizened with fluttering ribbons and other vanities, which were likely soon to be rent away by the fierce storms, or to fade in the hot sunshine, amid which she was to pursue her changeful course. But still she was a wonderfully pleasant looking figure, and had so much promise and such an indescribable hopefulness in her aspect, that hardly anybody could meet her without anticipating some very desirable thing--the consummation of some long sought good--from her kind offices. A few dismal characters there may be, here and there about the world, who have so often been trifled with by young maidens as promising as she, that they have now ceased to pin any faith upon the skirts of the New Year. But, for my own part, I have great faith in her; and should I live to see fifty more such, still, from each of those successive sisters, I shall reckon upon receiving something that will be worth living for.

The New Year--for this young maiden was no less a personage--carried all her goods and chattels in a basket of no great size or weight, which hung upon her arm. She greeted the disconsolate Old Year with great affection, and sat down beside her on the steps of the City Hall, waiting for the signal to begin her rambles through the world. The two were own sisters, being both grand daughters of Time; and though one looked so much older than the other, it was rather owing to hardships and trouble than to age, since there was but a twelvemonth's difference between them.

"Well, my dear sister," said the New Year, after the first salutations, "you look almost tired to death. What have you been about during your sojourn in this part of Infinite Space?"

"Oh, I have it all recorded here in my Book of Chronicles," answered the Old Year, in a heavy tone. "There is nothing that would amuse you; and you will soon get sufficient knowledge of such matters from your own personal experience. It is but tiresome reading."

Nevertheless, she turned over the leaves of the folio, and glanced at them by the light of the moon, feeling an irresistible spell of interest in her own biography, although its incidents were remembered without pleasure. The volume, though she termed it her Book of Chronicles, seemed to be neither more nor less than the Salem Gazette for 1838; in the accuracy of which journal this sagacious Old Year had so much confidence, that she deemed it needless to record her history with her own pen. "What have you been doing in the political way?" asked the New Year.

"Why, my course here in the United States," said the Old Year--"though perhaps I ought to blush at the confession--my political course, I must acknowledge, has been rather vacillatory, sometimes inclining towards the Whigs--then causing the Administration party to shout for triumph--and now again uplifting what seemed the almost prostrate banner of the Opposition; so that historians will hardly know what to make of me, in this respect. But the Loco Focos--"

"I do not like these party nicknames," interrupted her sister, who seemed remarkably touchy about some points. "Perhaps we shall part in better humor, if we avoid any political discussion."

"With all my heart," replied the Old Year, who had already been tormented half to death with squabbles of this kind. "I care not if the names of Whig or Tory, with their interminable brawls about Banks and the Sub Treasury, Abolition, Texas, the Florida War, and a million of other topics--which you will learn soon enough for your own comfort--I care not, I say, if no whisper of these matters ever reaches my ears again. Yet they have occupied so large a share of my attention, that I scarcely know what else to tell you. There has indeed been a curious sort of war on the Canada border, where blood has streamed in the names of Liberty and Patriotism; but it must remain for some future, perhaps far distant, Year, to tell whether or no those holy names have been rightfully invoked. Nothing so much depresses me, in my view of mortal affairs, as to see high energies wasted, and human life and happiness thrown away, for ends that appear oftentimes unwise; and still oftener remain unaccomplished. But the wisest people and the best keep a steadfast faith that the progress of Mankind is onward and upward, and that the toil and anguish of the path serve to wear away the imperfections of the Immortal Pilgrim, and will be felt no more, when they have done their once."

"Perhaps," cried the hopeful New Year--"perhaps I shall see that happy day!"

"I doubt whether it be so close at hand," answered the Old Year, gravely smiling. "You will soon grow weary of looking for that blessed consummation, and will turn for amusement (as has frequently been my own practice) to the affairs of some sober little city, like this of Salem. Here we sit, on the steps of the new City Hall, which has been completed under my administration; and it would make you laugh to see how the game of politics, of which the Capitol at Washington is the great chess-board, is here played in miniature. Burning Ambition finds its fuel here; here Patriotism speaks boldly in the people's behalf, and virtuous Economy demands retrenchment in the emoluments of a lamplighter; here the Aldermen range their senatorial dignity around the Mayor's chair of state, and the Common Council feel that they have liberty in charge. In short, human weakness and strength, passion and policy, Man's tendencies, his aims and modes of pursuing them, his individual character, and his character in the mass, may be studied almost as well here as on the theatre of nations; and with this great advantage, that, be the lesson ever so disastrous, its Lilliputian scope still makes the beholder smile."

"Have you done much for the improvement of the City?" asked the New Year. "Judging from what little I have seen, it appears to be ancient and time-worn."

"I have opened the Rail-Road," said the elder Year, "and half a dozen times a day, you will hear the bell (which once summoned the Monks of a Spanish Convent to their devotions) announcing the arrival or departure of the cars. Old Salem now wears a much livelier expression than when I first beheld her. Strangers rumble down from Boston by hundreds at a time. New faces throng in Fssex street. Railroad hacks and omnibusses rattle over the pavements. There is a perceptible increase of oyster-shops, and other establishments for the accommodation of a transitory diurnal multitude. But a more important change awaits the venerable town. An immense accumulation of musty prejudices will be carried off by the free circulation of society. A peculiarity of character, of which the inhabitants themselves are hardly sensible, will be rubbed down and worn away by the attrition of foreign substances. Much of the result will be good; there will likewise be a few things not so good. Whether for better or worse, there will be a probable diminution of the moral influence wealth, and the sway of an aristocratic class, which, from an era far beyond my memory, has held firmer dominion here than in any other New England town."

The Old Year, having talked away nearly all of her little remaining breath, now closed her Book of Chronicles, and was about to take her departure. But her sister detained her a while longer, by inquiring the contents of the huge bandbox, which she was so painfully lugging along with her.

"These are merely a few trifles," replied the Old Year, "which I have picked up in my rambles, and am going to deposit, in the receptacle of things past and forgotten. We sisterhood of Years never carry anything really valuable out of the world with us. Here are patterns of most of the fashions which I brought into vogue, and which have already lived out their allotted term. You will supply their place, with others equally ephemeral. Here, put up in little China pots, like rouge, is a considerable lot of beautiful women's bloom, which the disconsolate fair ones owe me a bitter grudge for stealing. I have likewise a quantity of men's dark hair, instead of which, I have left grey locks, or none at all. The tears of widows and other afflicted mortals, who have received comfort during the last twelve months, are preserved in some dozens of essence bottles, well corked and sealed. I have several bundles of love-letters, eloquently breathing an eternity of burning passion, which grew cold and perished, almost before the ink was dry. Moreover, here is an assortment of many thousand broken promises, and other broken ware, all very light and packed into little space. The heaviest articles in my possession are a large parcel of disappointed hopes, which, a little while ago, were buoyant enough to have inflated Mr. Lauriat's balloon."

"I have a fine lot of hopes here in my basket," remarked the New Year. "They are a sweet-smelling flower--a species of rose."

"They soon lose their perfume," replied the sombre Old Year. "What else have you brought to insure a welcome from the discontented race of mortals?"

"Why, to say the truth, little or nothing else," said her sister, with a smile--"save a few new Annuals and Almanacks, and some New Year's gifts for the children. But I heartily wish well to poor mortals, and mean to do all I can for their improvement and happiness."

"It is a good resolution," rejoined the Old Year; "and, by the way, I have a plentiful assortment of good resolutions, which have now grown so stale and musty, that I am ashamed to carry them any further. Only for fear that the City authorities would send constable Mansfield, with a warrant after me, I should toss them into the street at once. Many other matters go to make up the contents of my band-box; but the whole lot would not fetch a single bid, even at an auction of worn out furniture; and as they are worth nothing either to you or any body else, I need not trouble you with a longer catalogue."

"And must I also pick up such worthless luggage in my travels?" asked the New Year.

"Most certainly--and well if you have no heavier load to bear," replied the other. "And now, my dear sister, I must bid you farewell, earnestly advising and exhorting you to expect no gratitude nor good will from this peevish, unreasonable, inconsiderate, ill-intending and worse-behaving world. However warmly its inhabitants may seem to welcome you, yet, do what you may, and lavish on them what means of happiness you please, they will still be complaining,--still craving what it is not in your power to give,--still looking forward to some other Year for the accomplishment of projects which ought never to have been formed, and which, if successful, would only provide new occasions of discontent. If these ridiculous people ever see any thing tolerable in you, it will be after you are gone forever."

"But I," cried the fresh-hearted New Year, "I shall try to leave men wiser than I find them. I will offer them freely whatever good gifts Providence permits me to distribute, and will tell them to be thankful for what they have, and humbly hopeful for more; and surely, if they are not absolute fools, they will condescend to be happy, and will allow me to be a happy Year. For my happiness must depend on them."

"Alas for you, then, my poor sister!" said the Old Year, sighing, as she uplifted her burthen. "We grand children of Time are born to trouble. Happiness, they say, dwells in the mansions of Eternity; but we can only lead mortals thither, step by step, with reluctant murmurings, and ourselves must perish on the threshold. But hark! My task is done."

The clock in the tall steeple of Dr. Emerson's church struck twelve; there was a response from Dr. Flint's, in the opposite quarter of the City; and while the strokes were yet dropping into the air, the Old Year either flitted or faded away--and not the wisdom and might of Angels, to say nothing of the remorseful yearnings of the millions who had used her ill, could have prevailed with that departed Year to return one step. But she, in the company of Time and all her kindred, must hereafter hold a reckoning with Mankind. So shall it be, likewise, with the maidenly New Year, who, as the clock ceased to strike, arose from the steps of the City Hall, and set out rather timorously on her earthly course.

"A happy New Year!" cried a watchman, eyeing her figure very questionably, but without the least suspicion that he was addressing the New Year in person.

"Thank you kindly!" said the New Year; and she gave the watchman one of the roses of hope from her basket. "May this flower keep a sweet smell, long after I have bidden you good bye." Then she steps on more briskly through the silent streets; and such as were awake at the moment, heard her foot-fall, and said--"The New Year is come!" Wherever there was a knot of midnight roisterers, they quaffed her health. She sighed, however, to perceive that the air was tainted--as the atmosphere of this world must continually be--with the dying breaths of mortals who had lingered just long enough for her to bury them. But there were millions left alive, to rejoice at her coming; and so she pursued her way with confidence, strewing emblematic flowers on the door-step of almost every dwelling, which some persons will gather up and wear in their bosoms, and others will trample under foot. The Carrier Boy can only say further, that, early this morning, she filled his basket with New Year's Addresses, assuring him that the whole City, with our new Mayor, and the Aldermen and Common Council at its head, would make a general rush to secure copies. Kind Patrons, will not you redeem the pledge of the NEW YEAR?

Twice-Told Tales
Nathaniel Hawthorne

Wednesday, December 31, 2008

31 December 2008

Snow-Flakes

There is snow yonder cold gray sky of the morning!--and through the partially frosted window-panes, I love to watch the gradual beginning of the storm. A few feathery flakes are scattered widely through the air, and hover downward with uncertain flight, now almost alighting on the earth, now whirled again aloft into remote regions of the atmosphere. These are not the big flakes, heavy with moisture, which melt as they touch the ground, and are portentous of a soaking rain. It is to be, in good earnest, a wintry storm. The two or three people visible on the side-walks, have an aspect of endurance, a blue-nosed, frosty fortitude, which is evidently assumed in anticipation of a comfortless and blustering day. By nightfall, or at least before the sun sheds another glimmering smile upon us, the street and our little garden will be heaped with mountain snow-drifts. The soil, already frozen for weeks past, is prepared to sustain whatever burthen may be laid upon it; and, to a northern eye, the landscape will lose its melancholy bleakness and acquire a beauty of its own, when Mother Earth, like her children, shall have put on the fleecy garb of her winter's wear. The cloud-spirits are slowly weaving her white mantle. As yet, indeed, there is barely a rime like hoar frost over the brown surface of the street; the withered green of the grass-plat is still discernible; and the slated roofs of the houses do but begin to look gray, instead of black. All the snow that has yet fallen within the circumference of my view, were it heaped up together, would hardly equal the hillock of a grave. Thus gradually, by silent and stealthy influences, are great changes wrought. These little snow-particles, which the storm-spirit flings by handfulls through the air, will bury the great earth under their accumulated mass, nor permit her to behold her sister sky again for dreary months. We, likewise, shall lose sight of our mother's familiar visage, and must content ourselves with looking heavenward the oftener.

Now, leaving the storm to do his appointed office, let us sit down, pen in hand, by our fireside. Gloomy as it may seem, there is an influence productive of cheerfulness and favorable to imaginative thought, in the atmosphere of a snowy day. The native of a southern clime may woo the muse beneath the heavy shade of summer foliage, reclining on banks of turf, while the sound of singing birds and warbling rivulets chimes in with the music of his soul. In our brief summer, I do not think, but only exist in the vague enjoyment of a dream. My hour of inspiration--if that hour ever comes--is when the green log hisses upon the hearth, and the bright flame, brighter for the gloom of the chamber, rustles high up the chimney, and the coals drop tinkling down among the growing heaps of ashes. When the casement rattles in the gust, and the snow-flakes or the sleety raindrops pelt hard against the window-panes, then I spread out my sheet of paper, with the certainty that thoughts and fancies will gleam forth upon it, like stars at twilight, or like violets in May--perhaps to fade as soon. However transitory their glow, they at least shine amid the darksome shadow which the clouds of the outward sky fling through the room. Blessed, therefore, and reverently welcomed by me, her true-born son, be New-England's winter, which makes us, one and all, the nurslings of the storm, and sings a familiar lullaby even in the wildest shriek of the December blast. Now look we forth again, and see how much of his task the storm-spirit has done.

Slow and sure! He has the day, perchance the week, before him, and may take his own time to accomplish Nature's burial in snow. A smooth mantle is scarcely yet thrown over the withered grass-plat, and the dry stalks of annuals still thrust themselves through the white surface in all parts of the garden. The leafless rose bushes stand shivering in a shallow snow-drift, looking, poor things! as disconsolate as if they possessed a human consciousness of the dreary scene. This is a sad time for the shrubs that do not perish with the summer; they neither live nor die; what they retain of life seems but the chilling sense of death. Very sad are the flower-shrubs in mid-winter! The roofs of the houses are now all white, save where the eddying wind has kept them bare at the bleak corners. To discern the real intensity of the storm, we must fix upon some distant object,--as yonder spire,--and observe how the riotous gust fights with the descending snow throughout the intervening space. Sometimes the entire prospect is obscured; then, again, we have a distinct, but transient glimpse of the tall steeple, like a giant's ghost; and now the dense wreaths sweep between, as if demons were flinging snow-drifts at each other, in mid-air. Look next into the street, where we have an amusing parallel to the combat of those fancied demons in the upper regions. It is a snow-battle of school-boys. What a pretty satire on war and military glory might be written, in the form of a child's story, by describing the snow-ball fights of two rival schools, the alternate defeats and victories of each, and the final triumph of one party, or perhaps of neither! What pitched battles, worthy to be chanted in Homeric strains! What storming of fortresses, built all of massive snow-blocks! What feats of individual prowess, and embodied onsets of martial enthusiasm! And when some well contested and decisive victory had put a period to the war, both armies should unite to build a lofty monument of snow upon the battle-field, and crown it with the victor's statue, hewn of the same frozen marble. In a few days or weeks thereafter, the passer-by would observe a shapeless mound upon the level common; and, unmindful of the famous victory, would ask--"How came it there? Who reared it? And what means it?" The shattered pedestal of many a battle-monument has provoked these questions, when none could answer.

Turn we again to the fireside, and sit musing there, lending our ears to the wind, till perhaps it shall seem like an articulate voice, and dictate wild and airy matter for the pen. Would it might inspire me to sketch out the personification of a New-England winter! And that idea, if I can seize the snow-wreathed figures that flit before my fancy, shall be the theme of the next page.

How does Winter herald his approach? By the shrieking blast of latter autumn, which is Nature's cry of lamentation, as the destroyer rushes among the shivering groves where she has lingered, and scatters the sear leaves upon the tempest. When that cry is heard the people wrap themselves in cloaks, and shake their heads disconsolately, saying--"Winter is at hand!" Then the axe of the wood-cutter echoes sharp and diligently in the forest,--then the coal-merchants rejoice, because each shriek of Nature in her agony adds something to the price of coal per ton--then the peat-smoke spreads its aromatic fragrance through the atmosphere. A few days more; and at eventide, the children look out of the window, and dimly perceive the flaunting of a snowy mantle in the air. It is stern Winter's vesture. They crowd around the hearth, and cling to their mother's gown, or press between their father's knees, affrighted by the hollow roaring voice, that bellows adown the wide flue of the chimney. It is the voice of Winter; and when parents and children hear it, they shudder and exclaim--"Winter is come! Cold Winter has begun his reign already!" Now, throughout New-England, each hearth becomes an altar, sending up the smoke of a continued sacrifice to the immitigable deity who tyrannizes over forest, country-side, and town. Wrapt in his white mantle, his staff a huge icicle, his beard and hair a windtossed snow-drift, he travels over the land, in the midst of the northern blast; and wo to the homeless wanderer whom he finds upon his path! There he lies stark and stiff, a human shape of ice, on the spot where Winter overtook him. On strides the tyrant over the rushing rivers and broad lakes, which turn to rock beneath his footsteps. His dreary empire is established; all around stretches the desolation of the Pole. Yet not ungrateful be his New-England children--(for Winter is our sire, though a stem and rough one)--not ungrateful even for the severities, which have nourished our unyielding strength of character. And let us thank him, too, for the sleigh-rides, cheered by the music of merry bells--for the crackling and rustling hearth, when the ruddy fire-light gleams on hardy Manhood and the blooming cheek of Woman--for all the home-enjoyments, and the kindred virtues, which flourish in a frozen soil. Not that we grieve, when, after some seven months of storm and bitter frost, Spring, in the guise of a flower-crowned virgin, is seen driving away the hoary despot, pelting him with violets by the handful, and strewing green grass on the path behind him. Often, ere he will give up his empire, old Winter rushes fiercely back, and hurls a snow-drift at the shrinking form of Spring; yet, step by step, he is compelled to retreat northward and spends the summer months within the Arctic circle.

Such fantasies, intermixed among graver toils of mind, have made the winter's day pass pleasantly. Meanwhile, the storm has raged without abatement, and now, as the brief afternoon declines, is tossing denser volumes to and fro about the atmosphere. On the window-sill, there is a layer of snow, reaching half way up the lowest pane of glass. The garden is one unbroken bed. Along the street are two or three spots of uncovered earth, where the gust has whirled away the snow, heaping it elsewhere to the fence-tops, or piling huge banks against the doors of houses. A solitary passenger is seen, now striding mid-leg deep across a drift, now scudding over the bare ground, while his cloak is swollen with the wind. And now the gingling of bells, a sluggish sound; responsive to the horse's toilsome progress through the unbroken drifts, announces the passage of a sleigh, with a boy clinging behind, and ducking his head to escape detection by the driver. Next comes a sledge, laden with wood for some unthrifty housekeeper, whom winter has surprised at a cold hearth. But what dismal equipage now struggles along the uneven street? A sable hearse, bestrewn with snow, is bearing a dead man through the storm to his frozen bed. Oh, how dreary is a burial in winter, when the bosom of Mother Earth has no warmth for her poor child!

Evening--the early eve of December--begins to spread its deepening veil over the comfortless scene; the fire-light gradually brightens, and throws my flickering shadow upon the walls and ceiling of the chamber; but still the storm rages and rattles against the windows. Alas! I shiver, and think it time to be disconsolate. But, taking a farewell glance at dead Nature in her shroud, I perceive a flock of snow-birds, skimming lightsomely through the tempest, and flitting from drift to drift, as sportively as swallows in the delightful prime of summer. Whence come they? Where do they build their nests, and seek their food? Why, having airy wings, do they not follow summer around the earth, instead of making themselves the playmates of the storm, and fluttering on the dreary verge of the winter's eve? I know not whence they come, nor why; yet my spirit has been cheered by that wandering flock of snow-birds.

Twice-Told Tales
Nathaniel Hawthorne

Sunspots Observed

I was not able to do any solar observing this month.

Observing Hours for the Year 2008

 DayNightTotal
HoursDaysAvgHoursDaysAvgHoursDaysAvg
Jan2.2590.252.7550.555.00130.38
Feb3.2590.368.2571.1811.25120.94
Mar5.25100.538.50120.7113.75160.86
Apr6.25190.335.75 70.8212.00190.63
May6.50180.362.25 50.45 8.75180.49
Jun5.25200.2612.00 81.5017.25210.82
Jul5.05150.3715.25101.5320.75171.22
Aug5.00180.312.0030.677.50180.42
Sep5.00180.312.0030.677.50180.42
Oct6.00180.336.0051.2012.00190.63
Nov0.7530.251.5011.502.2530.75
Dec0.0000.000.2510.250.2510.25
TOTAL48.251500.3268.75671.03117.001710.68

Monday, December 22, 2008

22 December 2008

Observing LocationWards Island
Observational Period1745-1800 EDT
Atmospheric Conditions
Cloud CoverIsolated Clouds
Temperature25° F
WindModerate Breeze
HumidityModerate
Barometric Pressure30.22" Hg
Rising
Feels LikeVery Cold

TransparencyExcellent
Seeing 
InstrumentsNaked-eye observing - Charlie
Observing PartyCharlie Ridgway

Target Venus and Jupiter
Constellation
CategoryPlanets
Time
yyyymmdd.hhmm
20081222.1745 EDT
CommentsVenus is big and very bright and up at about 45° altitude. It appears to be right above the Chrystler Building from here.

Jupiter is about 20°-25° above the horizon and about the same distance west of Venus. Jupiter is easily seen but nowhere as bright as Jupiter.

Monday, December 1, 2008

1 December 2008

From the Latin word decem, "ten", because it had been the _ month of the early Roman Calendar.
December, the tenth month.

Sunday, November 30, 2008

30 November 2008

Sunspots Observed

There have been some spots this month but they are mainly smaller spots than I can see with my small binocular. I saw spots on only two days this month.

Observing Hours for the Year 2008

 DayNightTotal
HoursDaysAvgHoursDaysAvgHoursDaysAvg
Jan2.2590.252.7550.555.00130.38
Feb3.2590.368.2571.1811.25120.94
Mar5.25100.538.50120.7113.75160.86
Apr6.25190.335.75 70.8212.00190.63
May6.50180.362.25 50.45 8.75180.49
Jun5.25200.2612.00 81.5017.25210.82
Jul5.05150.3715.25101.5320.75171.22
Aug5.00180.312.0030.677.50180.42
Sep5.00180.312.0030.677.50180.42
Oct6.00180.336.0051.2012.00190.63
Nov0.7530.251.5011.502.2530.75
TOTAL48.251500.3268.50661.04116.751700.69

Climate Summary for November 2008

Temperature
There were four days this month when the low temperature was equal to or higher than the normal high temperature for the day and four days when the high temperature was equal to or less than the normal low temperature for the day.
 HighMeanLow
Above Normal days days days
Normal days days days
Below Normal days days days
Temperature
Extremes
° F ° F
Maximum
Deviation
° F
-° F
° F
-° F
° F
-° F
Mean Monthly
Temperature
 ° F 

image

Precipitation

Days with measurable precipitation
Days with a trace of precipitation
Maximum one day precipitation in
Monthly Total in

image

Snowfalll

Days with measurable snow
Days with a trace of snow
Maximum one day snowfall in
Monthly Total in

image

Heating Degree Days

Above Normal days
Normal days
Below Normal days
Maximim on a day degree days
Minimum on a day degree days
Maximum Deviation degree days
- degree days
Monthly Total degree days

image

Cooling Degree Days

Above Normal0 day
Normal0 day
Below Normal0 days
Maximim on a day0 degree days
Minimum on a day0 degree days
Maximum Deviation0 degree days
-0 degree days
Monthly Total0 degree days

image



2008 Hurricane Season Summary

I didn't keep track of the forecast for the season to know how close they came to getting it right.

Storm Tracks

Storm Length and Intensity

Storm Intensity

Active Storms per Day

Storm Distribution During the Season

Maximum Speed and Barometric Pressure

I wanted to see how tight the relationship was between wind speed and pressure so graphed the six-hour statistics and came up with a what looks like a Hertsprung-Russel diagram.